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Majolica

Majolica (from Italian. Maiolica - Mallorca) - a kind of ceramics made from clay with painted glazes. The technique of Majolica produced as decorative panels, trim, tiles, etc., as well as crockery and even the monumental sculptures.

In the XI century Florentine master of Lucca della Robia and his successors began to cover their products with milk-white opaque glaze, known as majolica (from the Balearic Majorca or Mallorca, where they had been sent the first batch). Glaze contains tin oxide, tint it blue with cobalt in green - Copper, a violet - manganese. All products are masters burned twice: before glazing over low heat and then cover them with glaze - on strong.

Now Majolica tile is made from sandy clay containing iron oxide and carbonates by pressing and then fired. The next step is put icing on it and is the second firing in the kiln. Double-firing provides a very nice, smooth surface of majolica and excludes the appearance of small cracks.

Dutch Majolica

unique design traditional Dutch tiles dates back to the end of the XVI century. when the Dutch had built the first factory in Production of tiles and tiles. In 1570-ies the tiles have started to do in the northern Dutch province of Friesland. Some factories that have arisen at the time, continue to produce tiles and to this day, and are among the oldest not only in Holland but throughout the world.







Dutch tiles - one of the most known in the world. She got off the interiors around the world, it was bought in the Netherlands in huge quantities, it tried to copy. At the beginning of the XVIII century. prince Menshikov built in Strelna factory modeled on the Dutch, where the Russian masters did not tile worse overseas. Such tiles decorated Menshikov Palace in St. Petersburg. In the palace there is a unique room, where tiles are decorated not only the furnace, but the walls and even the ceiling! At the finish of the premises took nearly 30,000 tiles. Such interior nowhere else. Even in Holland, whence came a custom finish, carried only low tile panel or plug-in compositions on the walls.








Italian majolica

for Italian majolica was characterized by soft, rounded shapes, bright painting - by opaque glaze, or (so-called polumayolike) on a white coating under the transparent glaze, high firing temperature was kept blue-green and yellow-brown tone, which determined the characteristic range of colorful Italian majolica. In Faenza, used small patterns on the wide flat sides on a blue background. In products Siena dominated by larger forms of colorful grotesques on the entire surface. In Urbino, the wizard created a small ornamental grotesques on the milky-white background. Italian majolica is almost never used for domestic purposes. Covered with a shiny glaze, decorated with bright painted dishes, pitchers, vases exhibited at the postavtsov open shelves for cabinets and tables, complementing the decoration of interiors.